It is a contract to its counterpart black box testing which derives test cases from its specifications. Finite state machine coverage is one of the most difficult forms of code coverage approach. This is due to the fact that it works on the design’s functionality. This coverage approach requires you to count the number of times a state is visited or transited. It also determines how many sequences are contained within a finite state system. A sequence in a Finite State Machine is a sorted list of inputs or outputs.

These are very simplified so that any Black-box tester can understand this easily. Redesigning code and rewriting code needs test cases to be written again. Testers may have a biased view of the software since they are familiar with its internal workings.

Example of Branch Coverage

In statement coverage testing, 100% statement coverage is said to be achieved if all the statements are tested at least once. Meaning only the specified condition is tested once fulfilling the 100% statement coverage for the test case. Decision testing and branch testing is a testing method which aims to ensure that each one of the possible branches from each decision point is executed. At least once and thereby ensuring that all reachable code is executed every decision is taken each way true and false. Decision coverage covers all possible outcomes of each and every Boolean condition of the code by using control flow graph or chart.

• Branch coverage technique is a whitebox testing technique that ensures that every branch of each decision point must be executed.
• And, rather than doing it manually, the developers will execute white box testing automatically since it saves time.
• White box penetration testing, also known as crystal or oblique box pen testing, provides the tester with complete network and system data, including network maps and passwords.
• The test cases are executed and the output is compared to the desired outcome, if any of the output does not match the expected outcome, it means that a bug is encountered.
• Testing based on an analysis of the internal structure of the component or system.
• Finally, the point where the 3 edges meet is the junction node in the above control flow graph.

Generally in any software, if we look at the source code, there will be a wide variety of elements like operators, functions, looping, exceptional handlers, etc. Based on the input to the program, some of the code statements may not be executed. The goal of Statement coverage is to cover all the possible path’s, line, and statement in the code. In White Box Testing, the tester is concentrating on how the software works.

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It ensures that every decision (true/false) in the source code has been executed and tested. It is to calculate the total number of statements executed, out of the total number of statements executable in the source code. This technique is used to make sure that each line of source code has been executed and tested at least once. It is a white box testing type that is to test the non-functional attributes such as perfromance, load, usability, security etc., of the unit module. White box testing is a helpful way to simulate the actions of testers who have complete knowledge of the internal operations of the target system. It gives the tester complete access to the internal information of the program.

Because this testing is dependent on the program’s control structure, it involves a thorough understanding of the program’s structure. The first and most critical step is to analyze the source code of the application being tested. A tester should be familiar with the internal structure of the code, as this will help in testing the application.

How To Calculate Statement Coverage, Branch Coverage, Path Coverage

In this testing, testers must have knowledge of the internal structure, design, code of the application under test to verify input-output flow and to improve the design, security, and usability. White box testing is a technique that uses a program’s internal or source code to design different test cases to check the quality of the program. In this technique, the internal structure and implementation of how an application works are known to the tester. In a path coverage approach, the tester writers unit tests to execute as many as possible of the paths through the program’s control flow.

This implies that all the edges of the control flow graph are traversed. Condition Coverage or expression coverage is a testing method used to test and evaluate the variables or sub-expressions in the conditional statement. The goal of condition coverage is to check individual outcomes for each logical condition. Condition coverage offers better sensitivity to the control flow than decision coverage.

Mutation Testing

It can test paths within a unit, paths between units during integration, and between subsystems during a system–level test. Though this method of test design can uncover many errors or problems, it has the potential to miss unimplemented parts of the specification or missing requirements. Decision Coverage is a https://www.globalcloudteam.com/ white box testing technique which reports the true or false outcomes of each boolean expression of the source code. The goal of decision coverage testing is to cover and validate all the accessible source code by checking and ensuring that each branch of every possible decision point is executed at least once.

It also combines that with source code information to generate a report about the test suite’s code coverage. A test coverage criteria which requires enough test cases such that all possible combinations of condition outcomes in each decision, and all points of entry, are invoked at least once. The chief disadvantage of statement coverage is that it is insensitive to some control structures. Testers need to have programming knowledge and access to the source code to perform tests. As per the below flow chart, in statement coverage, every node must be traversed at least once.

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A decision point is a point in the control flow graph where the control of the program diverges. Common examples include do-while statements, if statements, https://www.globalcloudteam.com/glossary/decision-coverage/ and case statements. White box testing involves complete knowledge of the inner workings of a system under test and black box involves no knowledge.

It also assures flexibility, responsibility, and a level of control. A white box penetration test may be used to simulate a specific attack on a given system by employing as many attack paths as feasible. Whereas 100% decision coverage can be achieved when all the possible paths between start to end are covered.

Other types of Testing

Branch coverage technique is used to cover all branches of the control flow graph. It covers all the possible outcomes of each condition of decision point at least once. Branch coverage technique is a whitebox testing technique that ensures that every branch of each decision point must be executed. It is also called glass box testing or clear box testing or structural testing. White Box Testing is also known as transparent testing or open box testing. Within the scope of decision coverage testing, all possible branches from each decision point are executed at least once.